Current status of surgical treatment for complex renal cell carcinoma
YAO Zhiqiang1, CHEN Chaohu1, ZHANG Xiangxiang1, WU Hao1, CAO Jinlong1, LI Pan1, HAN Dali1, TIAN Junqiang1
1The Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou University,Urinary System Diseases Key Laboratory of Gansu Province,Gansu Clinical Medical Center of Urinary System Diseases,Lanzhou 730030,China
Abstract：Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common disease of the urinary system, and surgical treatment is the first choice for its treatment. Surgical treatment of complex renal cell carcinoma is one of the biggest challenges for urologists. With the development of surgical equipment, surgical techniques and surgical auxiliary technology, nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma is more and more widely used, including open, laparoscopic or robot-assisted partial nephrectomy and autologous renal transplantation after in vitro surgery. These surgical procedures effectively improve the quality of life and overall survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma. This article reviews the surgical management of complex renal cell carcinoma.
[1] LJUNGBERG B, BENSALAH K, CANFIELD S, et al. EAU guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2014 update. Eur Urol, 2015,67(5):913-924. [2] CHOW WH, DONG LM, DEVESA SS. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. Nat Rev Urol, 2010,7(5):245-257. [3] SIEGEL R, NAISHADHAM D, JEMAL A. Cancer statistics, 2013. CA-Cancer J Clin, 2013,63(1):9-11. [4] 王强,张旭.肾部分切除术治疗复杂性肾肿瘤的研究现状及进展.微创泌尿外科杂志,2016,5(5):314-320. [5] 那彦群,叶章群,孙颖浩,等.中国泌尿外科疾病诊断治疗指南(2014版).北京:人民卫生出版社,2014:6-7. [6] ANSARI MS, GUPTA NP, KUMAR P. von Hippel-Lindau disease with bilateral multiple renal cell carcinoma managed by right radical nephrectomy and left repeat partial nephrectomy. Int Urol Nephrol, 2003,35(4):471-473. [7] KITO H, SUZUKI H, IGARASHI T, et al. Distinct patterns of chromosomal losses in clinically synchronous and asynchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma. J Urol, 2002,168(6):2637-2640. [8] 张宁,龚侃,周利群,等.双侧散发性肾癌的外科治疗与预后观察.中华外科杂志,2007,45(2):121-123. [9] WIKLUND F, TRETLI S, CHOUEIRI TK, et al. Risk of bilateral renal cell cancer. J Clin Oncol, 2009,27(23):3737-3741. [10] BLUTE ML, ITANO NB, CHEVILLE JC, et al. The effect of bilaterality,pathological features and surgical outcome in nonhereditary renal cell carcinoma. J Urol, 2003,169(4):1276-1281. [11] KUTIKOV A, UZZO RG. The R. E.N.A.L. Nephrometry Score: a comprehensive standardized system for quantitating renal tumor size, location and depth. J Urol, 2009,182(3):844-853. [12] ALBQAMI N, JANETSCHEK G. Indications and contraindications for the use of laparoscopic surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Nat Clin Pract Urol, 2006,3(1):32-37. [13] BIRD VG, SHIELDS JM, AZIZ M, et al. De Los santos R,roeter DH.laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for patients with T2 and T3 Renal-Cell carcinoma:evaluation of perioperative outcomes. J Endourol, 2009,23(9):1527-1533. [14] SCHWARTZ BF, VESTAL JC. Bilateral purely laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal masses using five ports without repositioning: A case report. J Endourol, 2004,18(5):449-451. [15] WEIGHT CJ, LARSON BT, FERGANY AF, et al. Nephrectomy induced chronic renal insufficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular death and death from any cause in patients with localized cT1b renal masses. J Urol, 2010,183(4):1317-1323. [16] KATES M, BADALATO GM, PITMAN M, et al. Increased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma 2 cm or less. J Urol, 2011,186(4):1247-1253. [17] LEIBOVICH BC, BLUTE ML, CHEVILLE JC, et al. Nephron sparing surgery for appropriately selected renal cell carcinoma between 4 and 7 cm results in outcome similar to radical nephrectomy. J Urol, 2004,171(3):1066-1070. [18] LICHT MR, NOVICK AC, GOORMASTIC M. Nephron sparing surgery in incidental versus suspected renal-cell carcinoma. J Urol, 1994,152(1):39-42. [19] MEYER A, WOLDU SL, WEINBERG AC, et al. Predicting renal parenchymal loss after nephron sparing surgery. J Urol, 2015,194(3):658-663. [20] RASSWEILER JJ, KLEIN J, TSCHADA A, et al. Laparoscopic retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy using an ergonomic chair: demonstration of technique and matched-pair analysis. BJU Int, 2017,119(2):349-357. [21] ABDELHAFEZ M, BASTIAN A, RAUSCH S, et al. Laparoscopic versus Open Partial Nephrectomy: Comparison of Overall and Subgroup Outcomes. Anticancer Res, 2017,37(1):261-265. [22] WANG H, SUN LA, WANG Y, et al. Mini-flank supra-12th rib incision for open partial nephrectomy for renal tumor with renal nephrometry score ≥ 10: An innovation of traditional open surgery. Medicine (Baltimore), 2015,94(13):e692. [23] DI PIERRO GB, TARTAGLIA N, ARESU L, et al. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for endophytic hilar tumors: feasibility and outcomes. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2014,40(6):769-774. [24] NADU A, GOLDBERG H, LUBIN M, et al. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for totally intrarenal tumours. BJU Int, 2013,112(2):E82-E86. [25] EI-GHAZALY TH, MASON RJ, RENDON RA. Oncological outcomes of partial nephrectomy for tumours larger than 4 cm: A systematic review. Can Urol Assoc J, 2014,8(1/2):61-66. [26] 张旭,高江平,符伟军,等.机器人辅助腹腔镜在泌尿外科手术中的临床应用(附500例报告).微创泌尿外科杂志,2014,3(1):4-7. [27] CHOI JE, YOU JH, KIM DK, et al. Comparison of perioperative outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol, 2015,67(5):891-901. [28] KOMNINOS C, SHIN TY, TULIAO P, et al. Robotic partial nephrectomy for completely endophytic renal tumors: complications and functional and oncologic outcomes during a 4-Year median period of follow-up. Urology, 2014,84(6):1367-1373. [29] VOLPE A, GARROU D, AMPARORE D, et al. Perioperative and renal functional outcomes of elective robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for renal tumours with high surgical complexity. BJU Int, 2014,114(6):903-909. [30] AUTORINO R, KHALIFEH A, LAYDNER H, et al. Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for completely endophytic renal masses: a single institution experience. BJU Int, 2014,113(5):762-768. [31] HILLYER SP, BHAYANI SB, ALLAF ME, et al. Robotic partial nephrectomy for solitary kidney: a multi-institutional analysis. Urology, 2013,81(1):93-97. [32] GOLAB A, SMEKTALA T, KACZMAREK K, et al. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy supported by training involving personalized silicone replica poured in Three-Dimensional printed casting mold. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 2017,27(4):420-422. [33] BECKER F, ROOS FC, JANSSEN M, et al. Short-Term functional and oncologic outcomes of nephron-sparing surgery for renal tumours ≥ 7 cm. Eur Urol, 2011,59(6):931-937. [34] 居小兵,殷长军,孟小鑫,等.经腹膜后腹腔镜技术结合工作台手术和自体肾移植术治疗双肾癌2例并文献复习.南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2011,31(1):80-82,88. [35] LAPINI A, SERNI S, MINERVINI A, et al. Progression and long-term survival after simple enucleation for the elective treatment of renal cell carcinoma: experience in 107 patients. J Urol, 2005,174(1):57-60. [36] CARINI M, SELLI C, BARBANTI G, et al. Conservative surgical-treatment of renal-cell carcinoma-clinical-experience and reappraisal of indications. J Urol, 1988,140(4):725-731. [37] MAIGA S, ALLAIN G, HAUET T, et al. Renal auto-transplantation promotes cortical microvascular network remodeling in a preclinical porcine model. PloS One, 2017,12(7):e0181067. [38] AZHAR B, PATEL S, CHADHA P, et al. Indications for renal auto-transplant: an overview. Exp Clin Transplant, 2015,13(2):109-114. [39] HABERAL HB, TONYALI S, PEYNIRCIOGLU B, et al. Renal auto-transplantation with autologous saphenous vein graft in a patient with takayasu arteritis and existing renal artery stent in her solitary kidney. Urol Int, 2018,100(2):181-184. [40] MOGHADAMYEGHANEH Z, HANNA MH, FAZLALIZADEH R, et al. A nationwide analysis of kidney auto-transplantation. American Surgeon, 2017,83(2):162-169. [41] ZHENG J, ZHOU Z, CHEN Z, et al. Bench surgery with renal auto-transplantation for angiomyolipoma of renal sinus. Transplant Proc, 2014,46(5):1281-1285. [42] JU X, LI P, SHAO P, et al. Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy combined with bench surgery and auto-transplantation for renal cell carcinoma in the solitary kidney or tumor involving bilateral kidneys: experience at a single center and technical considerations. Urol Int, 2016,97(4):473-479. [43] 王昕凝,祖强,祝强,等.机器人肾脏切取、离体肾肿瘤切除及机器人自体肾移植术治疗复杂肾肿瘤1例报告并文献复习.微创泌尿外科杂志,2018,7(3):149-153. [44] 张晓文,张磊,张光远,等.离体肾部分切除联合自体肾移植术治疗复杂肾肿瘤.南京医科大学学报(自然科学版),2017,37(5):629-631. [45] LI B, PATEL P, GORBONOS A. V3-10 robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy of an auto-transplanted kidney for recurrent renal cell carcinoma. J Urol, 2017,197(4):E291. [46] 熊玮,吕骥,陈放,等.离体肾肿瘤切除、肾重建和原位自体肾移植技术治疗复杂性肾错构瘤的临床应用.临床泌尿外科杂志,2016,31(10):886-889. [47] CHEN YH, WU XR, YING L, et al. Renal AML with inferior vena cava thrombus treated by workbench surgery and auto-transplantation. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol, 2016,25(1):54-56. [48] SOOD A, JEONG W, AHLAWAT R, et al. Minimally invasive renal auto-transplantation. J Surg Oncol, 2015,112(7):717-722. [49] 张更,秦荣良,邵晨,等.肾离体手术在肾移植中的临床应用二例并文献复习.中华移植杂志(电子版),2013,7(1):14-18. [50] JACOBS SC, BERG SI, LAWSON RK. Synchronous bilateral renal-cell carcinoma-total surgical excision. Cancer, 1980,46(11):2341-2345. [51] MORGAN WR, ZINCKE H. Progression and survival after renal-conserving surgery for renal-cell carcinoma experience in 104 patients and extended follow-up. J Urol, 1990,144(4):852-858.
