Abstract：Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of balloon dilatation percutaneous nephroscopic ultrasound combined with pneumatic lithotripsy(PCNL) for complex renal calculi.Methods:Clinical data of 65 patients with complex renal calculi in our hospital from January 2011 to May 2013 undergoing balloon dilatation PCNL were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data include the operation time,store-free rate and complications.Results:61 patients successfully underwent balloon dilatation PCNL in the first stage,the operation time was 35-86 min,and average time was 62 minutes,the calculi-free rate was 93.8%(61/65). The operation of 3 patients were terminated because nephroscope did not reach the calyceal residual calculi,1 patient was terminated operation because bleeding dimmed horizon,and 6 days after the first stage they underwent percutaneous electron flexible cystoscope lithotripsy under local anesthesia in the second stage,the calculi-free rate was 100%(4/4). All cases were followed up for 1-29 months. 1 aged patient who suffered from stag-horn calculi complicated with scoliosis underwent superselective renal artery embolization because of hemorrhage after operation,1 aged patient who suffered from infectious calculi complicated with diabetes mellitus underwent shock treatment because of septic shock,and the other 63 patients had not hemorrhage,severe infection and other complications.Conclusions:The method of balloon dilatation PCNL for complex renal calculi has the advantages of short operative time,high calculi-free rate and low infection rate,being a efficient minimally invasive surgical technique for complex renal calculi.
