Abstract：Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, pathological features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pleomorphic liposarcoma of renal adipose capsule. Methods: The clinical data of a patient with pleomorphic liposarcoma of renal adipose capsule were reported, and related literatures were reviewed. Results: A 67-year-old male patient was diagnosed as having renal neoplasm by imageological examination. The patient underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy on right kidney. Pathological diagnosis showed the pleomorphic liposarcoma of renal adipose capsule. Immunohistochemical stain showed positive results for S-100, MDM2, CDK4 and CD10, while negative for muscle and CK. The patient was followed-up for 17 months, and no recurrence or metastasis was observed. Conclusions: Pleomorphic liposarcoma of renal adipose capsule is rarely seen clinically. It is an aggressive, high grade neoplasm with a tendency for recurrence and metastases and often carries a poor prognosis. The definite diagnosis mainly depends on imageological examination and immunohistochemical stain. A complete resection surgery is the best treatment method.
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