Abstract：Objective:To explore the key technical points and clinical value of retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy in the treatment of middle or upper ureteral calculi. Methods:From August 2009 to March 2013, a total of 36 patients with middle or upper ureteral calculi were treated with retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy at our institution, among them, 28 previously accepted ESWL, ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) or mini-percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (mPCNL). The mean stone size was 1.8 cm (range 1.2 to 2.8). Results:All cases were successfully operated. There were no major intraoperative and postoperative complications. Median operative time was 85 min (range 65 to 150 min). Median estimated blood loss was 25 mL (range 15 to 65 mL). Mean follow-up period was 10 months (range 2 to 24 months). No ureteral stricture and recurrent calculi occurred. Conclusions:In view that retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy is a safe and effective procedure, it could act as an alternative remedy in treating ureteral calculi after failed ESWL, URL or mPCNL.
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