Abstract：Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy vs. percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal calculi. Methods: From March 2012 to March 2014, 89 patients with renal calcul underwent operation, among them 37 patients were given modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmiun laser lithotripsy (URL group), and 52 patients were given percutaneous nephrolithotripsy ultrasound combined with pneumatic lithotripsy (PCNL group). Calculi-free rate and postoperative complication incidence between two groups were compared. Results: In the URL group, hemoglobin was decreased by 0-6 g/L [mean (2.0±2.0) g/L]. The calculi-free rate was 81.1% (30/37). Four patients suffered from mild anemia after the operation, and 3 patients suffered from fever. The complication rate was 18.9% (7/37). In the PCNL group, hemoglobin was decreased 4-36 g/L [mean (13.6±7.4) g/L]. The calculi-free rate was 86.5% (45/52). Twenty-one patients suffered from mild anemia after the operation, 3 patients suffered from moderate anemia, and 4 patients suffered from fever. The complication rate was 53.8% (28/52). Conclusions: PCNL and URL are both minimally invasive surgical procedures for renal calculi, and their efficacy is similar. But as compared with PCNL, URL has the advantages of smaller damage, less bleeding, lower complication rate, and has unique advantages for complex renal calculi such as renal calculi complicated with scoliosis.
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