Abstract：Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) under dual guidance(ultrasonic and X-ray guidance) in the treatment of staghorn calculi.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted among 136 patients undergoing PCNL under dual guidance for staghorn calculi(89 cases with complete staghorn calculi and 59 cases with partial staghorn calculi) from Dec.2008 to May.2013.Results:All operations were successful without severe complications,of which a single tunnels were used in 72 cases,2-3 tunnels were used in 76 cases.89 cases had a single session PCNL,45 cases had a second-lock PCNL, and 14 cases had a third-lock PCNL. The average operating time was 79.8 min. The stone free rate reached 91.2%(135/148).Conclusions:PCNL under dual guidance is safe and effective in treatment of staghorn calculi and is associated with high stone free rate and few postoperative complications. It is recommended in the hospital on conditional implementation.
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