Abstract：In the past twenty years, the laparoscopic surgery had been applied in diverse urological diseases. Compared to open surgery, the laparoendoscopic operations are accompanied by minor surgical trauma, faster recovery and fewer complications. The introduction of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) have offered reduced pain and improved cosmetic satisfaction to patients. LESS can not only improve the effect of cosmetology, but also reduce postoperative pain and trocar-related complications. Scarless nephrectomy has been realized with transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in women. The development of surgical robots has decreased the technical difficulty of complicated procedures, shortened the learning curve, and improved perioperative outcomes relative to laparoscopic surgery.
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