1Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangdong Key laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou,510230,China
Abstract：Using rigid ureterscope combined with flexible ureterscope to manage the lesions in the upper urinary tract is the trend and character of modern urology. The advances of technology miniaturized the sizes of flexible ureterscope, improved their maneuverability, enhanced their effectives and prolonged their lifespan. The development of ureteral access sheaths facilitates the access of flexible ureteroscope to the intrarenal collecting system and lowers the failure rate. The introduction of the holmium:YAG laser as an intraluminal lithotripsy device significantly improved the precision and effectiveness of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and widened their indication. Generally speaking, flexible ureteroscopy is a safe technique and with a lower complication rate. As the experience of operators accumulated, the role of flexible ureteroscopy in the treatement of upper urinary pathology should continue to grow.
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