Abstract：Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the flexible ureteroscopy with holmium laser lithotripsy for 2-4 cm renal calculi.Methods:Between January 2007 and April 2012, 99 cases of renal stones treated with flexible ureteroscopy in our hospita1 were retrospectively reviewed. 56 cases of stones were located in renal pelvis, 9 cases at upper calyx, 13 at middle calyx and 21 at lower calyx. Stone size ranges from 0.4-5.4 cm. Two weeks before operations, all patients were placed Double-J stents. Holmium laser was used to perform the procedure and double-J stent was set at the end of the procedure.KUB and CT were performed to evaluate therapeutic effects.Results:The success rate of the ureteroscopic insertion was 100%. Stone free rate (SFR) cases were 76.7% (76/99) for single procedure and 94.9% (94/99) for second procedure. The average operation time was 128(61-180) mins. 6 cases had a urosepsis,1 case had renal subcapsular hematoma and 3 solitary kidney cases had severe steinstrasse.Conclusions:Flexible ureteroscopy with Holmium laser lithotripsy are safe, effective and mini-invasive by now, and may offer as an alternative therapy for 2-4 cm renal stones.
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